Sneezing, a runny nose and a scratchy throat could be a cold or an allergy. They feel similar, but they have different causes and respond to different treatments, so it’s worth knowing which one you have.
The key differences
- Itchy eyes, nose or throat: very common with allergies, uncommon with colds.
- Fever and body aches: possible with a cold (usually mild), never caused by allergies.
- Mucus: allergies usually cause clear, watery mucus. With a cold it often thickens and may turn yellow or green.
- How it starts: allergy symptoms start soon after contact with a trigger like pollen or pets. A cold builds over a day or two.
- How long it lasts: a cold usually clears in 7 to 10 days. Allergies last as long as you’re exposed, which can be weeks during pollen season.
- Timing: allergies often follow a pattern, such as every spring, outdoors, or around a pet. Colds are more common in autumn and winter.
Treating allergies
Non-drowsy antihistamines such as Zyrtec, Claritin and Allegra block the histamine behind allergy symptoms. They work best taken daily through the season. See which one to choose.
Treating a cold
Colds are caused by viruses, so antihistamines and antibiotics won’t cure them. Rest, fluids and time are the main treatment. Pain relievers can ease aches and a sore throat, and saline sprays or steam can help a blocked nose.
See a doctor if
- Symptoms last more than 10 days, or get better then worse again
- You have a high fever, severe headache or facial pain
- You have wheezing or shortness of breath
- Allergy symptoms aren’t controlled by antihistamines
More in our Allergies guide: all our articles and products on this topic in one place.
This article is for general information only and isn’t a substitute for advice from a doctor or pharmacist. Always read the label before using any medicine.
