Every over-the-counter (OTC) medicine sold in the US carries a Drug Facts label in the same format. Knowing how to read it helps you choose the right product, take the right dose, and avoid mistakes such as taking the same ingredient twice.
1. Active ingredient
This is the medicine that does the work, with the amount in each tablet or dose, for example “Loratadine 10 mg”. Different brands often contain the same active ingredient: Claritin and Alavert are both loratadine 10 mg.
Tip: before taking two products together, compare their active ingredients. Taking the same ingredient from two products is one of the most common ways people take too much.
2. Purpose
What kind of medicine it is, such as “antihistamine”, “anti-diarrhoeal” or “laxative”.
3. Uses
The symptoms or conditions the product is approved to treat. If your symptoms aren’t listed, ask a pharmacist before using it.
4. Warnings
The most important section. It tells you:
- Do not use if you have certain conditions or allergies
- Ask a doctor before use if you have certain health problems
- Ask a doctor or pharmacist before use if you take certain other medicines
- When using this product: side effects to expect, such as drowsiness
- Stop use and ask a doctor if certain things happen, or symptoms last too long
- Advice for pregnancy and breastfeeding, and to keep it out of reach of children
5. Directions
How much to take, how often, and the maximum in 24 hours, usually set out by age group. Use the measuring device that comes with liquid medicines, not a kitchen spoon.
6. Other information, inactive ingredients and questions
How to store the product, the fillers, colours and flavours (useful if you have allergies), and a phone number for questions.
Before you buy or take any OTC medicine
- Check the expiry date and that the packaging is sealed.
- Tell your pharmacist about any other medicines, vitamins or supplements you take.
- Be extra careful with medicines for children, older adults, and during pregnancy.
Browse our guides on allergies, digestive health and travel health.
This article is for general information only and isn’t a substitute for advice from a doctor or pharmacist. Always read the label before using any medicine.
